Contact Sessions
James Skelley | Technology Lawyer
SESSIONS
Sessions are online meetups for discussing recent legal news, general education, and sharing various of James' research. The next scheduled session is:


You can find a complete listing of upcoming sessions and request to join HERE.
(Informal 1-2 line summaries, which certainly should not be relied upon for legal or other research purposes)
RECENT CASE HIGHLIGHTS
    • CAFC affirms attorney sanctions under 285 in this optics filters patent infringement matter. Basically, plaintiff understood defendant's filters met standards implying infringement, but only actually analyzed a no longer extant filter product:
      "[Defendant] asserted that summary judgment was warranted because Viavi’s infringement contentions identified only the 11246 Filter, which had been released of any pre-May 1, 2020 infringement and that had not been manufactured or sold since May 1, 2020 . . . [Plaintiff] opposed the summary judgment motion . . . It contended that the scope of the case went beyond the 11246 Filter, even as that was the only filter included in the claim charts accompanying Viavi’s complaint. Further, Viavi contended it was entitled to reasonable discovery from PTOT so that it could obtain information about any of PTOT’s filters that were incorporated into the major company’s devices."
      Here, plaintiff asserts that its pre-suit diligence was sufficient to avoid sanctions, but CAFC agrees with the DCT that the diligence focused on the "wrong" filter and that "a more thorough investigation would have prevented Viavi from invoking the 11246 Filter in its suit against PTOT".
      "In fact, as soon as Viavi finally purchased several of the major company’s devices, it discovered that the only non-Viavi filter being used in one of these devices was not the 11246 Filter . . . After learning this, Viavi even initiated a new action wherein it sued based only on Filter #25, not on the 11246 Filter. Therefore, Viavi’s own actions indicate that, with a more searching pre-suit investigation, it “would have not filed” the suit it ended up filing here."
      Ergo, after considering and rejecting other arguments involving the anticipated results of discovery, CAFC affirms.
    • This is a very brief, but important, claim construction reminder that while the analysis begins with the claim language itself, and while one should not unfairly import limitations into the claim, where "a patent ‘repeatedly and consistently’ characterizes a claim term in a particular way, it is proper to construe the claim term in accordance with that characterization." Accordingly, here, where the claims recite a pH range *between* X and Y, and the spec consistently spoke to *maintaining* that range during the process, CAFC agrees with a construction finding that a target maintaining the range for only 90% of the process did not infringe. Say it with me: "Context is king."
    • In this precedential IPR obviousness decision involving claims directed to "computer memory systems, and more specifically to “improving the performance and the memory capacity of . . . memory boards that include dual in-line memory modules”", CAFC affirms the Board's obviousness determination. Owner makes two arguments on appeal:

      1. "First, Netlist argues that the Board erred by determining that Ellsberry teaches data paths that are enabled “in accordance with a latency parameter,” as recited in limitation"; and
      2. "Second, Netlist argues the Board erred by determining that Ellsberry teaches “enabl[ing]” a “data path,” as recited by limitations [1e] and [1f]"

      As regards 1), CAFC finds substantial evidence in the record:
      "The Board’s reliance on Ellsberry’s teachings, as supported by the JEDEC standards, constitutes substantial evidence that Ellsberry teaches enabling data paths in accordance with a latency parameter."
      However . . .
      "Netlist further argues that, even if the Board had substantial evidence to find that Ellsberry uses latency information to control data paths, the Board erred by using the ’537 patent, which was not part of Samsung’s petition ground, to supply the missing limitation of enabling the data paths at the required time to account for the buffer . . . According to Netlist, the Board’s explanation shows that it impermissibly expanded the role of the ’537 patent from mere evidence of the general skill in the art to that of a prior art reference. This would violate the restriction that the Board may not depart from the petition and find claims invalid on grounds “of [its] own design."
      Alas, even if there was error, CAFC considers it harmless:
      "[A]ny potential error was harmless because the Board alternatively found that Ellsberry alone, without relying on the ’537 patent, teaches adding one clock cycle to account for propagation delay through its switch ASICs"
      As for 2):
      "Netlist argues this paragraph [of the Ellsberry reference] does not teach enabling the claimed “data path” because Ports A and B that it refers to are located outside of the switch ASIC (i.e., the claimed buffer) instead of within the switch ASIC, as required by the claims." (emphasis in the original)
      CAFC agrees with the Board that proferred evidence for this assertion is inadequate. Specifically, the labels "Port A" and "Port B" appear within the Switch ASIC of the prior art figure, which seems to agree with portions of the specification ("Ellsberry teaches that “memory bank switch 206 [the Switch ASIC] includes Port A and Port B").

      Ergo, after briefly considering some APA challenges, CAFC affirms.
    • In this precedential written description and standing ANDA decision involving claims for multiple patents to an ingredient "indicated to treat kidney, liver, and differentiated thyroid cancer", CAFC affirms the finding of adequate written description for certain of the patents' claims:
      "[W]e see no clear error in the district court’s finding that disclosing the chemical name and formula of cabozantinib (L)-malate salt, as well as that the structure of the salt is crystalline, is an identification of the structural features possessed by members of the genus . . .The claims are no broader than the written description, as the claims require cabozantinib (L)-malate salt with a crystalline structure. Furthermore, while not dispositive of satisfaction of the written description requirement, the specification also discloses processes used to make the invention . . . multiple of the factors laid out in Ariad are met here (i.e., structure, formula, chemical name), and the district court’s findings are not clearly erroneous . . . the district court appropriately analogized this case to GSK, where we noted that “[d]escribing a complex of dutasteride and solvent molecules is an identification of ‘structural features commonly possessed by members of the genus that distinguish them from others,’ allowing one of skill in the art to ‘visualize or recognize the identity of the members of the genus.’”"
      As for standing, defendant initially appealed the DCT's finding of a claim as not invalid, while plaintiff likewise cross-appealed the finding of the claim's noninfringement. However, plaintiff dropped their cross-appeal, thereby rendering the controversy moot between the parties and removing standing. Here, however, rather than just dismiss the appeal as moot, CAFC vacates so that defendant can relitigate not invalid determination in the future ("A party who seeks review of the merits of an adverse ruling[] but is frustrated by . . . the “unilateral action” of the appellee “ought not in fairness be forced to acquiesce in the judgment.").

      Ergo affirmed in part and vacated in part.
    • CAFC precedentially affirms dismissal based upon BOTH venue and 101 ineligibility. Appellant challenges the latter.
      "AML therefore argues instead that, regardless of the district court’s power to reach the Rule 12(b)(6) eligibility ground after deeming venue improper, it nonetheless should have refrained from doing so . . . AML simply wants this court to confirm that the patent-ineligibility dismissal will not have preclusive effect."
      CAFC disagrees . . .
      "We reject AML’s request for what is essentially an advisory opinion on the preclusive effect that the district court’s judgment (and ours) might have in future cases. The usual rule is that “the precise [preclusive] effect of the judgment[] in [the instant] case will necessarily have to be decided in any . . . later action[] that may be brought.”"
      . . . and so affirms.
More . . .
ABOUT
James Skelley is a solo practitioner based in Mountain View, California since 2015, focusing primarily upon technology transactions and intellectual property procurement. James' practice also serves as an "incubator" for new legal service technologies / methodologies and a "living example" of their application. To this end, James regularly partners with larger law firms and with his clients so as to improve the practice of intellectual property law.

LEGAL PRACTICE AREAS
  • Utility / Design / PCT Patent Prosecution
  • Open Source Diligence
  • Technology Transactions (typically as a team)
  • Litigation / Inter Partes Review Support (typically as a team)
  • James tends NOT to handle low-volume trademark work (though referrals are available)
LICENSING
  • USPTO - #59458 - 10/16/2006
  • California - #257829 - 12/01/2008
  • District Columbia - #1014986 - 08/05/2013
CONTACT
  • James is available by email, 8x8 hangout, and in-person meetups in the Valley.
  • Email is typically the best way to reach James.
TECHNICAL FIELDS
  • Machine Learning / Robotics
  • Cryptograpy / Cryptocurrency / Smart Contracts
  • Medical Device
  • Computational Biology (primarily modeling and proteomics)
  • Signal Processing (primarily wireless and compression)
  • Quantum Physics (primarily semiconductor) / Electromagnetics (antennae, waveguides, etc.)
  • Manufacturing / 3D Printing
  • James tends NOT to handle pure chemistry applications (though referrals are available), however James HAS handled matters involving computational proteomics, cellular modeling, and diagnostic lab protocols
SOFTWARE
LAWMUX BITES
LawMux Bites are (very) short, one-page summaries of various legal concepts, cases, and technologies. As informal summaries, you certainly shouldn't rely upon them as legal advice / for business use, but they can help orient you if you're new to the subject matter.

LAWMUX BITES
PAPERS / ARTICLES