(Informal 1-2 line summaries, which certainly should not be relied upon for legal or other research purposes)
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- In this (pre-AIA) precedential IPR decision involving a "method of merging result lists from multiple
search engines" CAFC affirms that the proferred reference is not prior-art following the inventor's swear behind.
"In this appeal, Google raises two challenges to the
Board’s determination that Bushee is not prior art. Google
asserts that the Board relied on “legally insufficient” evidence to corroborate Dr. Tsaparas’s inventor testimony of
conception . . . Google also argues that the
Board did not have substantial evidence to support the
Board’s finding that the ’704 patent’s inventors exercised
reasonably continuous diligence in reducing the invention
to practice."
Regarding the first challenge, CAFC finds the evidence sufficient for corroboration:
"Microsoft Word
metadata can provide independent corroboration of inventor statements and documents contained in Word files because we have held that “metadata is independent of [an inventor’s] own statements and documents.” Id. The disclosure metadata independently corroborates Dr. Tsaparas’s inventor testimony."
As for the second challenge, CAFC reiterates the distinction that "[a] patent owner need not prove the inventor
continuously exercised reasonable diligence throughout the
critical period; it must show there was reasonably continuous diligence." In doing so, CAFC contrasts the Mulder decision, where delay was found to have occurred:
"[In Mulder] a draft U.S. patent application had been
prepared for nearly three months and yet “the record
show[ed] no activity of any kind in this country.” Id.
(cleaned up). Here, Valtrus accounted for the entire period
during which diligence is required, including the disputed
period, using timestamp evidence of the inventors and a
law firm office collaborating in the United States to complete, execute, and file the application resulting in the ’704 patent."
Ergo, affirmed.
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- In this 101 eligibility decision involving "various forms and
applications of interactive powered display apparatuses
and methods [] for direct and indirect interaction with living beings." Like many other recent cases, CAFC affirms invalidity for lack of implementation detail:
"Claim 1 recites
only that the first “electronic device” must be “internet and
networking capable” and must include at least one “physical output display” and “input transducer” . . .The claim does not address the structure of the
second “electronic device” at all. In addition, the specification discloses that the claimed invention adds “communications or remote control capabilities to known devices” like
“medical devices, therapy devices, rehabilitation devices” . . . Thus, we
conclude that Claim 1 recites generic hardware that does
not render the claim non-abstract."
Step Two fares much the same:
"[W]e find this articulation of the ordered combination insufficient because it is a mere restatement of the abstract idea. Each of these steps goes directly
to the idea of remotely treating a patient. Our jurisprudence is well-settled that “the abstract idea cannot supply the inventive concept."
Ergo, affirmed.
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- CAFC affirms 101 invalidity on claims to "[a] digital media player device for controlling digital media presentations."
CAFC concludes "that
claim 1 of the ’403 patent is directed to the abstract idea of
preventing skipping advertisements by receiving, organizing, displaying, and controlling access to data . . . The claim
achieves the goal of preventing skipping advertisements
via steps that do nothing more than receive, organize, display, and control access to data, which places the claim
squarely in line with those claims we have previously determined to be directed to computer-implemented abstract
ideas . . . Consumers have used analog technology
to skip advertisements in media for decades. Piranha’s
own filings at the district court confirm that “copyright
holders . . . giving away their content for free . . . was a
problem associated with many, if not all, forms of pre-existing media distribution. For example, broadcast, cable,
internet, and satellite broadcasts could be recorded and
during playback, ads could be fast forwarded.” J.A. 552
(emphasis added). We conclude that claim 1 does not solve
a technological problem."
Matters fare no better at Step Two:
"We are not persuaded by Piranha’s argument that
claim 1 includes an inventive concept because the claimed
intersplicer “offer[s] a specific improvement over the prior
art” . . . Piranha’s citations to the specification amount to
little more than the insertion of the word “novel” or “novelty” before one or more of the intersplicer’s generic functions."
Ergo, affirmed.
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- A brief affirmance reiterating that post-priority evidence isn't necessarily inconsequential to enablement assessments at the time of filing (lot of enablement cases lately . . . ), here in the context of herbicide-degrading enzymes:
"This case is unlike In re Hogan and In re Entresto because all tested variants of the claimed genus could have
been created at the time of the priority date, although they
were tested by Pioneer afterward. “[T]he use of post-priority-date evidence to show that a patent does not disclose a
representative number of species of a claimed genus is
proper.” Amgen I, 872 F.3d at 1375. It was not error for
the Board to rely on the post-priority experimental data
that Pioneer provided to establish that the challenged
claims were not enabled. "
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- In this precedential decision involving "a communications apparatus for transmitting
electric or electromagnetic signals over air" (emphasis added) the claims were invalidated below for indefiniteness - here, CAFC affirms, but instead upon lack of enablement.
"First, we construe “transmitting electric . . . signals
over air” in claim 1 to mean transmitting signals over air
in electric form—something neither party disputes is scientifically impossible . . . Satius argues that “transmitting electric . . . signals over air” is not scientifically impossible because, properly construed, this language refers “to the fact
that the electric signal [transmitted within the device] will
be transformed into an electromagnetic signal, and then that electromagnetic signal is what will go out over the air
and to its destination” . . . We do
not agree. Transmitting signals over the air is not the same as
transmitting signals to the air . . . We conclude the claims are invalid for lack of enablement because, to comply with 35 U.S.C. § 112(a)’s enablement requirement, “the specification must enable the full
scope of the invention as defined by its claims” . . . This standard cannot
possibly be met when, as here, the claims include an express limitation that adds inoperable (and thus non-enabled) alternative embodiments to the scope of the
invention."
While the enablement analysis seems coherent, its predication upon the claim construction concerned me a bit. Regarding the latter, consider:
CAFC seems comfortable with the "non-sensical" construction, though, particularly because:
"[claim 1’s preamble does not refer] to transforming an electric signal to an electromagnetic signal that is then transmitted over air because this
would require rewriting claim 1 to provide for an electricto-electromagnetic transformation step that (1) does not
exist in the claim language and (2) would not apply equally
to claim 1’s “electric . . . signals” and “electromagnetic signals.”"
(1) is rather than nature of correction, but I think (2) is what they consider most salient.
As the application was filed in 2000, and this case in 2018, I'm not sure why a reissue or amendment in the preceding reexam wasn't proposed.
In any event, affirmed, but for lack of enablement.
James Skelley is a solo practitioner based in Mountain View, California since 2015, focusing primarily upon technology transactions and intellectual property procurement. James' practice also serves as an "incubator" for new legal service technologies / methodologies and a "living example" of their application. To this end, James regularly partners with larger law firms and with his clients so as to improve the practice of intellectual property law.
- Utility / Design / PCT Patent Prosecution
- Open Source Diligence
- Technology Transactions (typically as a team)
- Litigation / Inter Partes Review Support (typically as a team)
- James tends NOT to handle low-volume trademark work (though referrals are available)
- USPTO - #59458 - 10/16/2006
- California - #257829 - 12/01/2008
- District Columbia - #1014986 - 08/05/2013
- James is available by email, 8x8 hangout, and in-person meetups in the Valley.
- Email is typically the best way to reach James.
- Machine Learning / Robotics
- Cryptograpy / Cryptocurrency / Smart Contracts
- Medical Device
- Computational Biology (primarily modeling and proteomics)
- Signal Processing (primarily wireless and compression)
- Quantum Physics (primarily semiconductor) / Electromagnetics (antennae, waveguides, etc.)
- Manufacturing / 3D Printing
- James tends NOT to handle pure chemistry applications (though referrals are available), however James HAS handled matters involving computational proteomics, cellular modeling, and diagnostic lab protocols
LawMux Bites are (very) short, one-page summaries of various legal concepts, cases, and technologies. As informal summaries, you certainly shouldn't rely upon them as legal advice / for business use, but they can help orient you if you're new to the subject matter.