Contact Sessions
James Skelley | Technology Lawyer
SESSIONS
Sessions are online meetups for discussing recent legal news, general education, and sharing various of James' research. The next scheduled session is:


You can find a complete listing of upcoming sessions and request to join HERE.
(Informal 1-2 line summaries, which certainly should not be relied upon for legal or other research purposes)
RECENT CASE HIGHLIGHTS
    • In this precedential written description and standing ANDA decision involving claims for multiple patents to an ingredient "indicated to treat kidney, liver, and differentiated thyroid cancer", CAFC affirms the finding of adequate written description for certain of the patents' claims:
      "[W]e see no clear error in the district court’s finding that disclosing the chemical name and formula of cabozantinib (L)-malate salt, as well as that the structure of the salt is crystalline, is an identification of the structural features possessed by members of the genus . . .The claims are no broader than the written description, as the claims require cabozantinib (L)-malate salt with a crystalline structure. Furthermore, while not dispositive of satisfaction of the written description requirement, the specification also discloses processes used to make the invention . . . multiple of the factors laid out in Ariad are met here (i.e., structure, formula, chemical name), and the district court’s findings are not clearly erroneous . . . the district court appropriately analogized this case to GSK, where we noted that “[d]escribing a complex of dutasteride and solvent molecules is an identification of ‘structural features commonly possessed by members of the genus that distinguish them from others,’ allowing one of skill in the art to ‘visualize or recognize the identity of the members of the genus.’”"
      As for standing, defendant initially appealed the DCT's finding of a claim as not invalid, while plaintiff likewise cross-appealed the finding of the claim's noninfringement. However, plaintiff dropped their cross-appeal, thereby rendering the controversy moot between the parties and removing standing. Here, however, rather than just dismiss the appeal as moot, CAFC vacates so that defendant can relitigate not invalid determination in the future ("A party who seeks review of the merits of an adverse ruling[] but is frustrated by . . . the “unilateral action” of the appellee “ought not in fairness be forced to acquiesce in the judgment.").

      Ergo affirmed in part and vacated in part.
    • CAFC precedentially affirms dismissal based upon BOTH venue and 101 ineligibility. Appellant challenges the latter.
      "AML therefore argues instead that, regardless of the district court’s power to reach the Rule 12(b)(6) eligibility ground after deeming venue improper, it nonetheless should have refrained from doing so . . . AML simply wants this court to confirm that the patent-ineligibility dismissal will not have preclusive effect."
      CAFC disagrees . . .
      "We reject AML’s request for what is essentially an advisory opinion on the preclusive effect that the district court’s judgment (and ours) might have in future cases. The usual rule is that “the precise [preclusive] effect of the judgment[] in [the instant] case will necessarily have to be decided in any . . . later action[] that may be brought.”"
      . . . and so affirms.
    • Despite a settlement agreement involving an Ex Parte Reexam, CAFC declines jurisdiction and transfers to the Fifth Circuit.
      "T-Mobile asserted several causes of action2 that relate to the interpretation of “survives the EPR.” In its first two causes of action, T-Mobile contended that for a patent claim to “survive” the reexamination, it must retain a claim scope sufficient to support KAIFI’s previously asserted infringement case against T-Mobile. In particular, T-Mobile alleged that (1) KAIFI impermissibly altered the claim scope from what it had staked out during the district court litigation by arguing for materially different claim construction positions before the Patent Office and (2) KAIFI’s inequitable conduct during the EPR (by failing to disclose to the Patent Office its prior inconsistent claim-construction positions taken in district court) rendered the claims unenforceable. In its remaining causes of action, T-Mobile alleged frustration of purpose and lack of mutual assent. KAIFI counterclaimed for breach of contract and sought to recover the EPR payment. The parties then filed cross-motions for summary judgment."
      Here . . .
      "In determining whether we have appellate jurisdiction over the appeal of a district court judgment in a diversity case, we “look to whether the four part Gunn test is met on the basis of the cause of action pled and the facts as they existed at the time the complaint or any compulsory counterclaim is filed” . . . AIFI’s counterclaim: breach of contract. The parties focus on the first and third Gunn requirements, contending that the state law breach of contract claim necessarily raises a substantial patent law issue . . . Focusing on KAIFI’s breach of contract counterclaim, we do not see how determining whether any of the asserted patent claims “survive[d] the EPR” necessarily raises a patent law issue . . . Looking at the text of the Settlement Agreement, we do not see support for T-Mobile’s particularized understanding of “survives” . . . A patent law question is not a “necessary element” of the breach of contract claim, which might well succeed on the theory that the term is being used in this contract in its ordinary-language sense as applied to the plain formal results of the EPR process."
      Ergo, after briefly reviewing the third Gunn factor, CAFC transfers the matter.
    • One of a pair of IPR decisions today, the other just affirming obviousness analysis for the '075 patent, here for the '946 and '683, CAFC:

      1. Disagrees with Appellant that the Board misconstrued “multiplexed signals” and therefore affirms the not unpatentable determination; and
      2. In contrast, agrees with Cross-Appellant that the Board's determination as to other claims constituted an APA violation.

      As to the former, "Apple stated in its Petitions that no formal claim construction was needed to resolve the IPRs" but later filed supplemental information emphasizing "that “multiplexing does not require multiple signals to be presented to a multiplexer simultaneously.”" Ultimately, "the Board agreed with both parties that no formal construction of any claim term was necessary, but it also adopted Smart Mobile’s more narrow understanding of the “multiplexed signals” term." CAFC believes the plain language contradicts the broader interpretation:
      "Beginning with the intrinsic evidence, the claim language, “multiplexed signals,” indicates it is signals that are being multiplexed, not paths. This contradicts Apple’s insistence that multiplexing occurs whenever multiple data paths are combined into a single path." (emphasis in original)
      Ergo, after reviewing claim differentiation arguments, the spec, etc. CAFC affirms.

      As for the latter issue, CAFC doesn't believe the Board adequately considered Owner's arguments:
      "Because the Board appears to have overlooked Smart Mobile’s motivation to combine arguments with respect to claim 1 – which Apple also relied on for claim 17 – instead erroneously finding Smart Mobile made no such arguments, we cannot reasonably discern the Board’s basis for siding with Apple . . . While the Board’s failure to discuss the bottlenecking issue “does not alone establish that the Board did not consider it” . . . here the non-existent discussion coupled with the Board’s incorrect statement that Smart Mobile did not respond to Apple’s explanation, leads us to question whether the Board did consider bottlenecking."
      Ergo, affirmed and vacate/remanded in part.
    • In this mixed IPR obviousness decision for "a unified services platform that integrates various communication services for a user and uses the user’s telephone number as a common subscriber identifier", CAFC:
      • vacates the claim construction for "request to provision" / "activate" and remands ("Read in light of the specification, claim 1’s “request to provision” and “activate” limitations jointly require the addition of new services and are not so broad as to include management of existing applications and services to which a client has already subscribed.");
      • affirms the Board's application of the Bodart reference ("[T]here is substantial evidence in the form of expert testimony relied upon by the Board that (1) Bodart’s virtual assistant is a server utilized to provide a first (telephone) service to a first user, and (2) it would have been obvious to a skilled artisan that a telephone service provider would have been the first provider using the virtual "); and
      • finds no APA violation in the claim construction ("The Board fully explained why it construed “utilized by” as not being limited to “a knowing and intentional use,” and pointed to the evidentiary basis for this determination, including the ’254 patent’s claim language, detailed description, and prosecution history.").
      So a rather vanilla decision without many novel takeaways.
More . . .
ABOUT
James Skelley is a solo practitioner based in Mountain View, California since 2015, focusing primarily upon technology transactions and intellectual property procurement. James' practice also serves as an "incubator" for new legal service technologies / methodologies and a "living example" of their application. To this end, James regularly partners with larger law firms and with his clients so as to improve the practice of intellectual property law.

LEGAL PRACTICE AREAS
  • Utility / Design / PCT Patent Prosecution
  • Open Source Diligence
  • Technology Transactions (typically as a team)
  • Litigation / Inter Partes Review Support (typically as a team)
  • James tends NOT to handle low-volume trademark work (though referrals are available)
LICENSING
  • USPTO - #59458 - 10/16/2006
  • California - #257829 - 12/01/2008
  • District Columbia - #1014986 - 08/05/2013
CONTACT
  • James is available by email, 8x8 hangout, and in-person meetups in the Valley.
  • Email is typically the best way to reach James.
TECHNICAL FIELDS
  • Machine Learning / Robotics
  • Cryptograpy / Cryptocurrency / Smart Contracts
  • Medical Device
  • Computational Biology (primarily modeling and proteomics)
  • Signal Processing (primarily wireless and compression)
  • Quantum Physics (primarily semiconductor) / Electromagnetics (antennae, waveguides, etc.)
  • Manufacturing / 3D Printing
  • James tends NOT to handle pure chemistry applications (though referrals are available), however James HAS handled matters involving computational proteomics, cellular modeling, and diagnostic lab protocols
SOFTWARE
LAWMUX BITES
LawMux Bites are (very) short, one-page summaries of various legal concepts, cases, and technologies. As informal summaries, you certainly shouldn't rely upon them as legal advice / for business use, but they can help orient you if you're new to the subject matter.

LAWMUX BITES
PAPERS / ARTICLES